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| Five changes in China's hardware industry | |
| Hardware industry is an important industry for people's livelihood, which has the characteristics of small products, large market and big industry, which is closely related to people's life. In recent years, the hardware industry has achieved continuous and rapid development, and has become a world hardware production country and a global hardware production and processing center, procurement center, and an important international trade distribution and supply center. However, as far as the whole industry is concerned, the imbalance of development is still a prominent contradiction in the industry, which has problems such as extensive development mode, backward equipment and technology, excess of medium and low-grade products and insufficient high-end products. The industry concentration is low, and the small, many, scattered and weak industry structure is still the key point for adjustment in the future. The characteristics of small, scattered and weak industries are prominent in recent years, the hardware products industry has developed rapidly and orderly, but the problems still exist in the development. Generally speaking, there are mainly several prominent problems: first, the extensive development mode has not been completely changed, and there are problems such as equipment technology backward, product quality instability and so on. More than 80% of enterprises rely on the transfer of rural surplus labor force. It developed after 1990s. The starting point is low. Most of the equipment is used equipment, some of which are about to be eliminated, which leads to the instability of product quality. Due to the backward equipment, the backward of mould and technology not only has short service life, but also has high defective rate and waste in operation. With the rising prices of raw materials and energy in recent years, the profit margin of the industry is shrinking. Without reasonable profits, it is a problem to maintain the normal operation of the enterprise, so it is impossible to invest more funds in equipment and tooling mould. Not only the product quality can not be guaranteed, but also the product technology content is low, the homogenization phenomenon is serious, and the low price competition and even price war are formed, which leads to blind expansion. Second, the low concentration of industry, unreasonable scale structure of enterprises, resulting in low scale benefits. The small and medium-sized enterprises are still the main industries, and the market share of leading enterprises has no absolute advantage. This small, multi, weak and scattered enterprise structure leads to the situation that Chinese enterprises have low added value, weak competitiveness and poor economic benefits in international market. The current nature of hardware production enterprises is basically private enterprises, and also small and medium-sized enterprises, which have long been focusing on expanding production scale, light innovation and light scientific and technological investment; The expansion of weight, the light lifting. For example, Zhejiang Province, as a large province of hardware products production, in 2010, more than 3000 hardware manufacturers in the province accounted for only 0.67% of the total sales. Compared with 2% of the research funds in developed countries, the gap is very wide. We should pursue the expansion of quantity to seize the market, pay no attention to product research and development, and improve the quality, and can only repeat the production of low-grade products. The production of products presents obvious regional characteristics, and the phenomenon of "piling up" is more prominent, and the spontaneity of development brings blindness and repetitive construction of investment. However, most hardware manufacturers have the characteristics of small scale, and the ability of anti risk is relatively weak. The unreasonable personnel structure causes the lack of the enterprise development. Hardware production enterprises still take labor-intensive as the main body. With the expansion of the enterprise scale, the improvement of the technical level and equipment modernization level, the improvement of the work difficulty and requirements, the enterprise urgently needs various senior technical personnel, business personnel and management personnel, and the lack of such personnel restricts the development of the enterprise, resulting in insufficient development. Many small and medium-sized enterprises are developed by family workshops. The management is family members, and the phenomenon of cronyism has greatly affected the efficiency of enterprises. Third, the phenomenon of product homogeneity is prominent, the low-end products are over produced and the high-end products are insufficient. The enterprise is in the low profit link of industrial division, and it is facing the challenge of two markets at home and abroad. | |
| Source： Time：2021/3/19 10:59:27 |  |
